Music Sonata Form and Classical Period free essay sample

An ensemble Is a detailed melodic organization for full symphony, normally In four developments. 2. What Is a sonata? How Is It identified with the sonata structure? A sonata is an enormous scope arrangement that is played instead of sung. 3. What is a coda? A coda will utilize music from the development, commonly doesnt doesn't add anything to the contention. 4. What are the three deferent pieces of the sonata structure? Depict each part. We will compose a custom article test on Music: Sonata Form and Classical Period or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The three sections off sonata are Exposition, Development, and Recapitulation.Exposition Is the initial segment of the sonata, where the author will get or exposeall of the music thoughts. Advancement is the second piece of the sonata, it is the place the author expands on the two topics from the composition. Summarization is the third piece of the sonata, it is the place work is rehashed. 5. What are the three unique times of Beethovens work? Portray each part. Basic Thinking Questions 1 . What are the qualities of the music of the Classical time frame? 2.How does the music of the Classical time frame contrast from the music of the Baroque time frame? Ornate music will in general be for little chamber symphonies and is typically extremely complex, with numerous layers. Traditional music will in general be for bigger symphonies and for flaunting virtuoso abilities or amusement instead of for lauding God or introducing serious tunes to lords, as much Baroque music was. Nor. Which pieces did you tune in to? How might you portray these bits of music? Nat makes the music normal for the Classical period? What social and social impacts affected the music of the Classical time frame? Do Ho think todays music is impacted by social and social variables? Why or why not? 30th craftsmanship and governmental issues were extraordinary authors who comprehended what they were doing and t heir creating had astounding hits. 5. What was significant about Vienna during the Classical time frame?

Two topics for two different papers, Broken Windows & Prison Essay

Two themes for two unique papers, Broken Windows and Prison - Essay Example Yet, anyway authentic reports and research show that the messed up window hypothesis could have an effect in wrongdoing decrease and it very well may be taken as an establishment for other wrongdoing decrease methodologies. The other article by Wilson and Kelling exposes the job of foot watching officials in helping open recover certainty on lawfulness. An untidy spot, not really a spot where wrongdoing happens in essence, turns into a region of dread particularly for individuals living in and around the spot. Foot watching officials in the previous days helped evacuate this dread among the general population through request support. In any case, in the next years police have been troubled with the extra job of law-requirement, because of which they are compelled to maintain certain principles. This has not helped them in accomplishing their essential obligation of request upkeep. As indicated by the creators, one powerful option in contrast to this creating circumstance could be res ident watching. Genuine instances of which incorporate network gatekeepers and setting up of vigilante gatherings. Regardless of the endeavors by the overall population, the watching impact of a police officer can be difficult to accomplish. Subsequently the article focuses on that men in obligation ought to be urged to do their additional piece so as to accomplish public amicability. The article ‘The Prison-Industrial Complex’ by Eric Schlosser tosses light about the jail framework in the United States. The US presently has the differentiation of holding a larger number of residents in jail than some other nation on the planet. What's more, a larger part of the jail prisoners is established by peaceful guilty parties. This has lead to the jail being seen as a modern complex, with more detainment facilities being worked to house more individuals. These penitentiaries home a wide assortment of crooks, law wrongdoers, even the individuals who are intellectually sick, and concerning their race about a large portion of the detainees in the US jails are African-Americans, and the quantity of ladies prisoners have

Cyber Warfare - Free Essay Example

Cyber-war, the use of computers and the internet in conducting warfare in cyberspace, has been introduced as both an effective offense and defense towards modern warfare. Presently many countries have developed a policy towards cyber-warfare. The US, although a strong influence to the world, has yet to step up and create an effective policy towards warfare. One that should state what the military would do to respond to a cyber-attack, what defines a cyber-attack and what the government will do to take effective measures against a catastrophic attack. Along with that, what advantages does this new type of warfare have against modern warfare and is it worth the massive amounts of training and investments. Also, in what circumstances should a cyber-attack be used? The US should come forth with an efficient policy discussing the matter directly and including its future uses of cyber-intelligence. Presently, cyber-attacks are uncommon; however they still pose a risk in the future of wa r and security of a nation. Every country should take measures in ensuring they will be ready for an attack. Because of this extraordinary hazard, the US should make considerable ventures in organizing methods to secure itself and its nation against it. Three cyber security experts say, â€Å"US policies toward defending against cyber-warfare need to take a different approach than the government has against other forms of attack. † It would be difficult for the US to have a fight in cyber-warfare as it is â€Å"difficult to identify attackers, especially when some nations appear to be sponsoring private attackers. † If the US were to follow other nations with using private assailants, other nations could possibly see this as unethical and even malicious. As a nation, the US is presented as the country some look up to. Its image has to stay clean, or it could cause uproar with other nations. One problem that not only the US but other countries face is that there i s no strict definition of a cyber-attack. Martin Libicki, a senior management scientist specializing in cyber-security said, â€Å"One problem with a cyber-warfare policy is the lack of definition of what constitutes an act of cyber war, there’s no line separating what constitutes a simple cyber-attack from cyber-war. He also added, â€Å"with no definitions in place, it’s hard to have a public debate about what the US government’s cyber warfare policy should be. † The US, among other nations in the UN, should come together and discuss the issues faced with defining a cyber-attack and what would be an acceptable response towards an attack. â€Å"Article 51 of the UN charter states that a country has the right to engage in self-defense when it suffers an armed attack,† made effective in 1945, it did not create clear classifications to cyber-attacks. Not doing anything about the dilemma has its consequences. â€Å"In December 2008, there was a c yber-attack on a U. S. military classified computer network. The attack led the Pentagon to ban the use of external hardware devices because that was the source of the breach. Although it is not publicly known if this attack was â€Å"state sponsored,† media reports attributed the attack to either the government of China or Russia. Regardless of who perpetrated the attack, there was little that the U. S. could do to respond. Had the US had the knowledge to investigate the attack further, it could have traced the attack and find the perpetrator. â€Å"The U. N. should not wait for a cyber-attack of epic proportions – on par with 9/11 – to mobilize the international community,† as it is possible that an extreme cyber-attack could be more devastating than a traditional one. An attack like that could â€Å"shutdown the target’s government and ruin its economy. As a result of the interdependence of the world economy, the cascading affect would be felt worldwide. â€Å"Warfare must be viewed in a new way because the old definitions and framework are impermissibly limited. First, we must derive a definition to determine when a cyber-attack is an act of war. Second, we need a broad definition of whom (including individuals, nations and groups) can be held accountable for such acts. † With masses at stake, it would be illogical to disregard this issue and not invest in a higher intelligence. Modern warfare, strongly associated with guns, bombs and tanks, causes many deaths and large amounts of money put forth to succeed. Cyber-warfare can easily become the next modern warfare, causing less deaths and violence. Even though the effects of an attack could be more catastrophic than what we are currently experiencing today, the reverse effects even it out. Using this cyber-intelligence could prevent many attacks from happening, both traditional and cyber. All we need is a stronger devotion towards the subject and more focus towa rds a greater peace amongst the world.

10 Famous Murder Cases in Recent American History

Essay on Crown Casino - 737 Words

The casino industry in Australia operates under an environment of uncertainty. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics Australia’s 13 casinos recorded a total operating loss of $288 million in 97-98. Outsiders predict a gloomy future for the casino industry in the next few years due to the reduction in international high rollers and the low level of management talent in Australia’s young casino industry. In this business environment Crown must implement business strategies will carry it into the next century as one of the worlds most successful casino complexes. The Crown was set up as a multimillion-dollar establishment in order to attract international gamblers especially the Asian junket gamblers. However with the economic†¦show more content†¦The current volatile earning figures for Crown are caused due its reliance on Asian junket gamblers. In the current business environment buyer power is high as Crown focuses on few high volume gamblers this should be reduced, as it should concentrate on a higher numbers of smaller gamblers. The recent increases in the gambling to HDI ratio as a result of better domestic economic conditions should be exploited by Crown. In order to broaden its local market advertising campaigns to lure the suburban poker machine players towards the city and away from RSL clubs and bars should be undertaken. The recent acquisition of Crown by the media giant PBL should ensure that Crown promotions reach a wider audience through the magazine/television business with little cost. The main issue for Crown in the future is to maintain a consistent rate of turn over in slot machines and tables. This should be achieved not only through advertising moreover by offering patrons the latest technologies and gaming programs. Once the parton numbers are increased loyalty schemes targeting the lower end of the gaming market should be under taken to maintain the flow of customers. Crown should better take advantage of it regional monopoly and reputation for offering ‘ world of entertainment’ by hiring top rating international performers. This would not only boost revenue to the Crown entertainment complex but to the casino as well. Online gambling is luring more andShow MoreRelatedOnline Casino Portal Crown Contender1746 Words   |  7 PagesBlog 16 – Thrills casino emerges as an online casino portal crown contender We have all seen the advertising campaigns for new casinos, as everyone seems to claim to be â€Å"funky, fresh, and revolutionary†. Sadly, all these claims are usually pretty hollow in most cases. Freshman online casinos seldom deliver on what they promise, with many just leaving players feeling deflated. 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The Chinext IPO Initial Under-Pricing-The Impact Of Risk Explored

Question: Discuss about the Chinext IPO Initial Under-Pricing-The Impact Of Risk Explored In The IPO Prospectus. Answer: Introduction ChiNext was founded in the year 2009 in the month of October in order to help the high growing, innovative and private organizations to have accessibility in the capital market in China. The focus of ChiNext on the privately associated organizations is considerably different from the partial privatizations that look to govern the Chinese Main board. In order to provide accessibility of the private high-growth companies to the capital markets, ChiNext reduces the requirements of listing on the profitability and the size of the company in comparison to the main board (Deng Zhou 2015). The differences in the characteristics of the company as well as the regulatory environments that is likely to create differences in the initial public offerings under-pricing and the long-run performance for ChiNext in comparison to the SME Board and the Main Board. This paper looks to analyse the ChiNext IPO under-pricing, the performance in the long-run and the elements and undertakes a comparison wit h the main board and the SME. The analysis have discovered that the IPOs in the Chinese main Board experiences an increasing level of under-pricing and the underperformance is kind of modest with respect to the IPOs that are functioning in the developed markets. There have been debates that such unique characteristics of the performance of IPO in the Chinese Main Board and are related to their nature of partial privatization, the lack of opportunities of investment in China, separation of equities in the listed organizations and the firm regulations of the government in the IPO process (Deng Zhou 2017). The effect of these features is likely to fundamentally less for the IPOs of ChiNext provided that they are not significantly not partial privatisations of the assets owned by the government faces lower level of regulatory restrictions when listing as well as ChiNext itself giving out the investors an added set of opportunities for the purpose of investment (Christofi et al., 2015). In this circumstances, it can be expected that the IPO under-pricing and the long run performance for the ChiNext listings in order to differ considerably from the Main Board IPO. The paper has been constructed based on the sample of 629 IPO firms that have been listed within 2014 to 2017 and this paper has looked to discover the initial aggregate adjusted by the abnormal return on ChiNext. This paper would therefore with the help of the literature review and the methodology would look to determine the interim proposal for the IPO under pricing in ChiNext. Literature Review There have been several researches on the under pricing of the IPO globally. Gao, (2014) has provided a synopsis of the aggregate initial returns on the IPOs in various countries and reveal that the extent of under pricing changes significantly across the countries with the aggregate returns usually higher in the developing markets that the underdeveloped ones. During past few decades, under pricing of the IPO has influenced a significant body of the literature looking to define the issuers are looking to leave the money on their table. The information asymmetry framework advises that the equilibrium offer price that is inclusive of a limited discount is essential in order to attract and compensate the trading that is uninformed for trading against the advanced information. Lee et al., (2017) have debated that under pricing of the IPO is rational in nature and has been defined as a premium indecision that encloses the value of the new issues. The impact of exposure to risk and its effect on the initial returns on IPO can be investigated from the two various aspects of the literature namely the impact of risk on the level of return and the advantage of information disclosure on the IPO share valuation. The fact that most of the investors are risk hesitant, the relationship among the initial return and the risk related to the IPO is anticipated to remain positive (Carpenter Whitelaw 2017). The investigations on the Chinese IPO markets have disclosed that the investors are in the idea of looking forward to increased returns by investing in IPO shares that much more riskier. Due to this effect, an increased level of risk for the IPO by the underwriters will create an extensive discount on their offer price, which would create an extensive error in pricing and gradually increased initial return (Li Zhou 2016). Conversely, there is existent of a gap in the current literature about the fact that what the perceived level of ris k is. The research questions that have been framed from the literature are given as follows: Q1. Does the information included in the prospectus of the IPO would assist in mitigating conventional information asymmetry that the IPO companies face from the prospective investors and the underwriters? Q2. What is the relationship among the disclosed factors of risk in the prospectus of the IPO and the initial return of the IPO? This paper mainly looks to answer these two questions. Cumming Zhang (2016) have explained that the tone and the text disclosed in the prospectus of the US based IPOs have priceless and significant information that can be utilised in order to proxy for the uncertainties that are available in the ChiNext IPOs. The uncertainty in this respect generates increased initial returns. Hence, the factors of risk that have been disclosed in the prospectus of the ChiNext IPOs should incorporate added uncertainties and this as a result should have an impact on the initial return of the IPO. Xu et al., (2017) are among the first researchers who were to recommend several factors why the risk litigation is a naturally reasonable and economically precise factors for the under pricing of an IPO. The Securities Act of 1933 provides the investors with the power to sue the issuers of the IPO and even the underwriters if the value of the share falls below the offer price because of omission of materials in the IPO prospectus. In this aspect of an uncertainty environment related to the IPO, especially the probable reputational losses that are related with the lawsuit, the issuers of the IPO and the underwriters who are worried about the probable legal actions may look to hedge the risk of lawsuit by under pricing the IPO. Bhattacharya, (2017) examine the impact of the risk of lawsuit by assessing the variations in the initial returns among the IPOs that have been sued by the investors and IPOs that have not been sued. There are no direct proof that under pricing lowers the incidence of legal actions. Wang Li (2015) on the other consider the endogeneity of primary returns and the incidence of legal actions and look to discover the assistance for the impact of avoidance and insurance as projected by the theories related to lawsuit risks. Their outcomes recommend that risk associated with litigation can seriously have an impact on the initial returns of the IPO. The assumptions that are underlying in the present examinations of the lawsuit risk is that the losses in the share market are adequate to bring in legal penalties. In practicality, the two significant scenarios must be met for undertaking prospective successful litigations (Feng Johansson 2016). Firstly, the investors must have gone through injuries that are in the form of economic or investment value. Secondly, the investors must be able to discover evidence of a material omission in the declaration of the IPO firms that are existent during the time of their primary investments. In order to restrict such potential legal actions, the IPO companies and the underwriters may look to lower their level of profitability with respect to omission of material by improving the declarations given in the prospectus of the IPO. Hence, it can be anticipated a direct connection among the declaration of risk in the prospectus of the IPO and the initial return of the IPO, which this proposal has lo oked to assess. Data Description As explained earlier, one of the factors why the IPOs of ChiNext has been selected has been that all the IPOs of ChiNext are needed to abide a template that is in nature standardized with respect to their prospectus. By looking at the current literature of IPO pricing, the paper has chosen several control variables from the company, economy and the offer distinct features during the primary screening (Nassr Wehinger 2016). All the controlled variables are handpicked and have to be listed. A descriptive statistics for the collected control variables with respect to the three various measures of the initial returns of the IPOs of ChiNext namely MPR, OPR and CPR are documented. As the subscription ratio that is in this aspect offline in nature explains the demand in the market for the new shares from the institutional investors and in this scenario a large number recommends that new shares for ChiNext is increasingly high with respect to the total number of shares that have been offered or given to the investors. The data is collected from the 320 IPOs in ChiNext with the help of their disclosed prospectus. It has been viewed that subscription from the individual and the organizational investors are the key factors that contributes to the increased degree of initial returns for the IPOs of ChiNext. Offer size is even a key factor as it looks to assess the offer size of the IPOs and thereby looks to obtain the impact of size in the initial under pricing in the ChiNext IPO s (Yao, 2016). In the process of risk factor process of gathering, there have been observations of three precise trends. Primarily, the IPOs that are from the same sector have the tendency to document similar kinds of factors of risk (Su Brookfield 2013). Secondly, there are specific risks factors that are always going hand in hand. These are even known as cross listings. Finally there is a widespread of organization specific risk factors and few of them have very limited frequencies of disclosure. The key job has been to recognise the risk factors and that have an impact on the initial returns. This tends to have an impact on the underperformance of the IPO firms (Chen, 2016). Therefore various statistical tools are used additionally with the special variable mitigating features in order to eliminate unimportant control variables to the initial returns until all the framework converges and brings forth the same key control variables. By maintaining these key variables as the control variables in the framework, a repeated assessment by making use of all the risk factors are undertaken in order to ascertain whether and how declaring the precise factors of risk in prospectus of the IPO of ChiNext has any key and extra effect on their initial returns (Guo et al., 2017). Methodology In the research process, one of the major steps is methodology. This method is considered as the systematic and theoretical analysis of the research methods. There is not any exception of this fact in case of this particular research program. As per the research methodology, there are three steps in data analysis (Bouzouita, Gajewski Gresse, 2015). In the first step, the screening of all 13 variables will be done with the help of the technique of SPSS variable reduction in order to filter out those variables having the p-value 0.05. In the second step, all the 54 risk factors will be added into the particular model. After that, it is needed to apply the same approach in order to filter out the risk factors having the p-value 0.05. In the third step, for the improvements in the specification of model, the researcher will further impose the models of GARCH-M model with an ARMA (1, 1) and this will be imposed in residuals. More specifically, at first, regression (1) will be run with 13 control variables after the arrangement of 355 IPOs based on their listing dates. The regression will be run on the OPR with the models of Enter, Backward, Forward and Stepwise in order to remove the control variables that do not have significant statistical value having p-value 0.05 on at a time until the coverage and return of all the four models have the same significant variable that is p-value 0.05. After that, the researcher will report the results of final regression in Panel A of Table 4 (Hanley Hoberg, 2012). In addition, by using the significant variables identified as control variables from the regression process (1), there will be the inclusion of all the 54 risk factors listed in Table 3 and the researcher will also run regression (2) with the help of same techniques for variable reduction. This process will be done for the removal of all the significant risk factors so that they can be reported in the res ults in the Panel B of Table 4. In addition, regression (3) will be run by taking into consideration all the significant variables identified in regression (2) in order to improve the fitness of the model so that the result can be reported in Panel C of Table 4. There will be repetition in CPR and MPR and the result will be reported in Panel A, B and C in Table 5 and 6 respectively. The area of interest of the researcher will be in the magnitude and signs of the regression coefficients that has association with all the risk factors identified in regression (2) and (3) (Zhou Lao, 2012). With the help of different retune measures like OPR, CPR and MRP as the regressions dependable variable; the researcher will be enabled to check that whether the various identified risk factors have different kind of impact on the measurement of different initials. This particular process can contribute to the different implications and conclusions of the research program (Bansal Khanna, 2012). It needs to be mentioned that different tables show the different results for regression. From Table 4, the researcher will get the final regression results for the OPR. Panel A will be able to show different impotent factors of the research; they are ratio of offline subscriptions from the institutional investors, the ratio of online subscriptions from the individual investors, the condition of the stock market, the IPO issue size and the dominant as well as significant control variable of OPR (Zaremba Zmudzinski, 2014). The regression coefficient will help the researcher in the determination of the strong market demand of individual and institutional investors for the new shares of ChiNext IPO. In this context, it needs to be mentioned that there is a positive and significant impact of SZSE composite index return on the OPR; at the same time, the associated coefficient of offer size is significant and negative. On the other hand, the large size of the IPOs will fetch lower rate of initial returns (Chen Strange, 2012). It can be seen that there are four types of major variables in this particular research. However, the process of changing policies and the growth of profit are also play a significant part in this research. However, it needs to be mentioned that they contribute less in the fitness of the overall model. It can be said that the value of R2 for the final model is 0.56. The researcher will be able to go to the significant findings from the comparisons of OPR. It has been seen from the research that the contribution of oversubscription from the institutional inventors are 0.32 towards the adjusted R2. In addition, The value of standardization beta is 0.51. This particular method shows the dominant effect of beta towards OPR. It can also be seen that Panel B of the research reports all the results from regression (2) and all the risk factors are incorporated with it (Daugherty Jithendranathan, 2012). For this particular research program, there will be immense importance of the research findings. This particular process indicates the fact that for the IPO firms that take into consideration the litigation or lawsuit as risk factors, the OPR of those firms are higher. On the other hand, as per the suggestion of positive coefficient, the underwriter prices the litigations based on the bidding prices and others. In this case, it needs to be mentioned that the effects of under pricing is significant for both the companies and the investors. It needs to be mentioned that due to the under pricing process, more number of investors are attracted towards the companies and they become willing to bid for higher openings for the new shares of the companies. In this process, it needs to be mentioned that there is an association of standardized beta with the ongoing litigations or lawsuits of the companies (Akyol et al., 2014). Conclusion In this proposal, the scope of past work in understanding the effect of the informational details that is available in the prospectus of the IPO with respect to the initial returns. By taking the benefit of the generalised format of the prospectus of the Chinext IPOs, an exclusive set of data with several factors of risk are prepared and evaluation of the data with the help of numerous statistical and econometric frameworks with special characteristics are undertaken. After managing and assessing the market, the offer specific features and the company that are effectively reported in the pricing literature of the present IPO, with the considerations of the probable time series and the correlations that are cross sectional in nature in the pricing errors in the IPO and the correlation among the initial returns of the IPO and their volatility in the conditional return there have been recognition of four risk factors that have key impacts on the IPOs of ChiNext with respect to their ini tial returns. The risk factors are transformations in the policy on the taxation of the government subsidy, increased amortization and depreciation because of recommended capital expenses, ongoing lawsuit and law actions and infringement of trademarks. There have been worries with respect to the existing legal actions has been a key factor as it has an impact on the CPR and the OPR in a positive manner which indicates the risk compensation with the help of deepened under pricing of the underwriters. Hence, the underwriters are willing to provide a higher bidding price at the open economy during the day when the risk of the IPO is out in public. Hence, risk exposure in the prospectus of the IPO firms in ChiNext play a crucial part. References Akyol, A. C., Cooper, T., Meoli, M., Vismara, S. (2014). Do regulatory changes affect the underpricing of European IPOs?.Journal of Banking Finance,45, 43-58. Bansal, R., Khanna, A. (2012). IPOs underpricing and money left on the table in Indian market.Int. J. Res. Manage. Econ. Commer,2(6), 106-120. Bhattacharya, A. (2017). Innovations in new venture financing: Evidence from Indian SME IPOs.Global Finance Journal. Bouzouita, N., Gajewski, J. F., Gresse, C. (2015). Liquidity benefits from IPO underpricing: ownership dispersion or information effect.Financial Management,44(4), 785-810. Carpenter, J. N., Whitelaw, R. F. (2017). The Development of Chinas Stock Market and Stakes for the Global Economy?.Annual Review of Financial Economics,9(1). Chen, J., Strange, R. (2012). Political economy of IPO underpricing: the evidence from China.Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies,10(2), 111-129. Chen, X. (2016).The impact of political connections on Chinese listed firms: a thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Finance at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand(Doctoral dissertation, Massey University). Christofi, A., Bailey, B., Carroll, M. (2015). IPO Pricing Using the Implied Growth Rate in Cash Flow Valuation.Journal of Business Economic Studies,21. Cumming, D., Zhang, Y. (2016). Alternative investments in emerging markets: A review and new trends.Emerging Markets Review,29, 1-23. Daugherty, M. S., Jithendranathan, T. (2012). Underpricing of IPOs of US family controlled businesses.Journal of Finance and Economics. Deng, Q., Zhou, Z. G. (2015). Offline oversubscription, issue size, and market momentum: the driving forces for ChiNext IPOs initial underpricing.Chinese Economy,48(2), 114-129. Deng, Q., Zhou, Z. G. (2017). IPO Pricing Efficiency in China: A ChiNext Board Focus.Frontiers of Economics in China,12(2), 280. Feng, X., Johansson, A. C. (2016).Judging a Book by Its Cover: Analysts and Attention-Driven Price Patterns in Chinas IPO Market(No. 2016-39). Stockholm China Economic Research Institute, Stockholm School of Economics. Gao, J. (2014).Earnings management, underpricing and post-issue stock performance of SME IPOs in the PRC(Doctoral dissertation). Guo, Y., Wang, T., Jia-Lang, S., Hung, S. S. (2017). The Effect Of Disclosure Patterns Of Risk Factors In Prospectus On The Relation Between Strategic Alliances And Underpricing Of Biotechnology IPOs.Journal of Applied Business Research,33(3), 509. Hanley, K. W., Hoberg, G. (2012). Litigation risk, strategic disclosure and the underpricing of initial public offerings.Journal of Financial Economics,103(2), 235-254. Lee, C., Qu, Y., Shen, T. (2017). Reverse Mergers, Shell Value, and Regulation Risk in Chinese Equity Markets. Li, G., Zhou, H. (2016). The Systematic Politicization of Chinas Stock Markets.Journal of Contemporary China,25(99), 422-437. Nassr, I. K., Wehinger, G. (2016). Opportunities and limitations of public equity markets for SMEs.OECD Journal: Financial Market Trends,2015(1), 49-84. Su, C., Brookfield, D. (2013). An evaluation of the impact of stock market reforms on IPO under-pricing in China: The certification role of underwriters.International Review of Financial Analysis,28, 20-33. Wang, L., Li, B. (2015). Venture Capital: Research Status and Prospects of the Future (Note 1).Journal of Economics and Public Finance,1(1), 60. Xu, R., Chow, Y. L., Ooi, J. T. (2017). A Relook into the Impact of Divestitures in the Presence of Agency Conflicts: Evidence from Property Subsidiary Sell-Offs in China.The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics,55(3), 313-344. Yao, C. (2016). Chinese Regulation of Issuer Earnings Forecasts: Recommendations for an Ex Ante Legal Framework.Wm. Mary Bus. L. Rev.,7, 459. Zaremba, A., Zmudzinski, R. (2014). IPO initial underpricing anomaly: The election gimmick hypothesis.Copernican Journal of Finance and Accounting,3(2), 167. Zhou, J., Lao, L. J. (2012). Analysis of influencing factors of IPO underpricing in ChiNext.Physics Procedia,33, 846-851.

Pascal programming Essay Essay Example

Pascal programming Essay Paper Pascal Programming Arieus Green Professor Gary Smith Sam Houston State University Pascal was designed in 1968, but was no published until the 1970 by the mind of a man named Niklaus Wirth. Niklaus Wirth was born in Winterthur, Switzerland in 1934 were he attended Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich. Where he soon earns his degree in Electronic Engineering by the mid 1960s. Pascal was named based off the memory of the late Baise Pascal, a famous French Philosopher as well as a major mathematician (Bill Catambay). This particular language was inspired by Algol along with Simula 67. Although pascal resembles Algol, It far surpasses it in run precision and capabilities. Pascal was designed to be a straight forward block Structured programming. Pascal structurally sound functionality provided the way for several new languages we use today for example, Ada, Java, Modula and so many others. Pascal was design to farther educate the development of a systematically discipline construct. Pascal was initially designed to influence the practice of good or better program design. The language in particular is an imperative and procedural programming language (Bill Catambay). Imperative programming language simply describes the computation of each term as a statement. This important detail makes it easier to produce a programming code, it also has the capacity to use structure programming alongside with data structuring. All of these things take care of the clarity as well as the quality of each program written in pascal. By this time pascal has been at the top of its game being both reliable as well as efficient. Pascal is a strongly typed, block structure programming language (Bill Catambay). It has evolved with enough power to run home projects, commercial industries and many other entures. We will write a custom essay sample on Pascal programming Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pascal programming Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pascal programming Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Wirth was very particular when the designs were planned out. Much of the pascal language is similar to what we see in our C or Java languages. Some of its features make pascal easy to understand and maintain. The programming Structure of pascal consist of; program name, uses command type, declarations, Statements data object and or functions. Every Pascal program has a heading statement, a declaration and execution in that exact order. Basic syntax variable are placed in the beginning of a statement, followed by a definition of some sort. Declaring a variable s straight forward in the design of pascal. By using keywords like var allows the programmer a number of abilities. Which include declaring string, integers, records and other defining types. This is followed by the capability to use functions and procedures. In Pascal procedures are instructions to execute within the program with no return. Functions are similar in attributes with the exception of having a return value. Like Ada, Pascal is not case sensitive. Pascal Programs are generally formed by several statements. Every statement gives the program a Job by stating or defining xactly what that Job is. Each Job should consist of declarations, assignment, reading or writing data and taking logical statements. Similar to other languages, Pascal has words on reserved such as array, begin and end. These words you would not be allowed use as a variable and to declare any value. Pascal also has a number of different data types that include the standard, integer, real, Boolean and structured array records and file. These constants make it easier for the programmer to read. Pascal has the ability to use numerical, logical, string and character constants. Pascal as many other types, the enumerated type is a data type defined by the user. They give most value the qualification to be specified in a list. Pascal uses variable as a define storage space. Operators are used in every programming language in pascal uses as manipulations of mathematical or logical functionality. There is a list of operators used in pascal involving arithmetic, relations, Boolean, bit, set and string Operands. Each operand has a different responsibility and implementation. Pascal decision making is design for the programmer to specify all condition to evaluated and test by the program. All statements have to have a true or false result and or reroute to another statement of the programmers choice. Helping with these logic statement would me key words like if-then, if-then-else, nest-if statement and many more (Micheal Van Cannegt). These statements can lead one to a loop, where some code that is to be executed multiple times. A loop is usually executed in a specific order the first followed by the second and so on. Pascal also has loop control statement feature that will allow breaks which can call for the termination of a loop or any case statement that has out grown its parameter. Goto statements can transfer control but this feature is not often used. Programmer use a number of small sections of code called subprogram (Victor John Saliba). Every one of these subprograms preforms a particular task as modules. There are two kinds of subprograms function and procedure. Functions are small programs that have a single return value of some variety. Every pascal has to have as many as one function to call it a program and other smaller program to define added functionalities. Pascal functions usually consist of a header, the declaration and a body. The function eader has only two main objects, the keyword and the name of that function. There are many other part to a function, by which include the argument, this is often where the programmer calls the program and the formal parameters. The formal parameter could be an array, subprogram or structured variables. The declaration function simply speaks to the compiler giving it instructions on how to call that specific program it ultimately has the same attributes as the function subprogram. The difference being in the format of the keywords, which is procedure being one of them nstead of function. Pascal file handling capabilities are second to none and are very simple to generate. For instant, notice that there is not a word on reserve for the reading or writing to a file, the usual format to use is readln() or writeln(). When reading a file the base type could be an integer real, Boolean, enumerator, subrange, record, arrays each one but certain other file types. Pascal was a powerful language and tool in 1970s and has become a more advanced language over time. Pascal has been through a few update and changes to the language. In being this reliable and fficient Pascal will continue to be of use in the near future. References http://www. freepascal. org/advantage. var ftp://ftp. freepascal. org/pub/fpc/docs-pdf/ref. pdf, Reference guide for Free Pascal, version 2. 6. 2 Document version 2. 6. February 2013 http://www. pascal-central. com/ppl/chapter2. html. The Pascal Programming Language. Bill Catambay. 0 2001 Academic Press. http://pascal-programming. info/ index. php. pascal Programming. Victor John Saliba 2006. http://www. computerhistory. org/fellowawards/hall/bios/Niklaus,Wirth/ . Copyright 0 2013 Computer History Museum

Compare the female characters in DH Lawrences Tickets, Please and Thomas Hardys Tony Kytes, the Arch-Deceiver Essay Example

Compare the female characters in DH Lawrences Tickets, Please and Thomas Hardys Tony Kytes, the Arch Compare the female characters in DH Lawrences Tickets, Please and Thomas Hardys Tony Kytes, the Arch-Deceiver Paper Compare the female characters in DH Lawrences Tickets, Please and Thomas Hardys Tony Kytes, the Arch-Deceiver Paper Essay Topic: Literature Short Fiction of Dh Lawrence Both DH Lawrences Tickets, Please and Tony Kytes, the Arch-Deceiver deal with relationships between men and women and the rejection of women by men. At the beginning of Tickets, Please, Annie is peremptory and one of the fearless young hussies that controls the tramcars. At the end after Annie and John Thomas roller coaster-like relationship, it is clear that something has broken in her. Annie tried very hard to keep John Thomas at arms length, which is emphasised by its repetition, whereas, in Tony Kytes, the women are almost desperate to marry Tony Kytes. But in the end, after Hannah Jolliver had refused Tony Kytes, Unity Sallet will not take Hannahs leavings and walks away but looks back to see if Tony is following her. In the end, Tony ends up with Milly, after-all as she doesnt believe that Tony didnt really mean what he had said to them. In Tickets, Please, the women cope with their rejection by attacking him, and in Tony Kytes the women cope with rejection by secretly wishing to marry him. In Tony Kytes, the man gets the girl at the end, but the man in Tickets, Please gets nothing. Throughout history, the relationship between men and women has changed significantly due to the social and historical climate. In the Victorian era, women were treated as objects that were owned by the young suitors that were found for them. Their main aim in life was to find a young man and settle down. As time progressed and the First World War began, men had to leave to fight a common enemy. This meant that women had acquired a new role as they started to work in factories, in the jobs the men had left behind. This set a new agenda for women as they took back control of their lives. This means that although the stories deal with the same subject, the time difference sets them apart. This fact also alters the way the women in the stories act. Annie, from Tickets, Please stays sharp all the way through the story, even when rejected by John Thomas. The women in Tony Kytes, on the other hand, are more concerned with looking for a husband, and so they are more willing to forgive Tonys deceit. In the opening paragraph of Tickets, Please, DH Lawrence describes a single-line tramway system that boldly makes its way through the black industrial countryside up hill and down dale hrough the long, ugly villages of the Midlands. Repetition of ugly and again conveys just how boring dull and ugly the countryside is and how tedious the journey becomes. The way that DH Lawrence opens the story is effective. He describes the journey of the rickety, old tram that plunges itself into darkness as it races through stark, grimy, cold little market places. It conveys metaphorically the roller coaster-like relationship that Annie has with the slithering snail, John Thomas. The short phrases in the first sentence linked with commas, also gives the impression of a dangerous tram journey. The train speeds through the Midlands and the speed is conveyed by the use of word like up and down, high, tilting, rush, down and up again. We feel as if we are travelling by tram as it gathers momentum before reaching a climax. The reader is held on tenterhooks at a precipitous drop. Lawrence uses personification to describe the tram, city-cars and the gloomy Midlands. The tram is described as reckless, breathless and as patient suggesting that something is wrong with it. It also referred to as bold. He uses alliteration in pause and purr as the tram observes with curious satisfaction. This animal imagery, suggests that the tramcar is cat-like. The movement in the first sentence suggests the darting and movements of a cat. The city cars are great crimson and cream coloured, which makes the tramcar feel somewhat abashed, but it is still perky, jaunty and daredevil like Annie. The simile green as a jaunty sprig of parsley out of a black colliery garden acts as a medium to draw contrast between the colourful reckless tram and its bleak surroundings. The opening paragraph in Tickets, Please prepares the reader for Annies character by metaphorically comparing the trams journey to her brave and courageous nature. This prepares us for Annies entrance because Annie and the tram display the bold and reckless spirit. Verbs like plunges, tilting prepare the reader for Annies reckless, breathless adventure with John Thomas. The most important adjective that links Annie and the tram is bold, because it suggests the danger involved in the tram journey and the danger in Annies relationship with John Thomas. Animal imagery is used when Annie is introduced. Words like wild, alive little creature and swift depict Annies quick nature. In Tony Kytes the surroundings are very different from Tickets, Please. It is set in Dorset countryside in the 1890s and portrays an idyllic picture of fields and carts, whereas in Tickets, Please the industrial countryside sets the tone for a bleak landscape. In Tony Kytes there is very little description but from the tone and mood of the characters conversation it can be constructed as warm and bright where everyone is jolly. Both John Thomas and Tony Kytes are popular with the ladies and have had many different partners. Tony Kytes has a weak character, as he is indecisive on who to marry, whereas, John Thomas, a fine cock-of-the-walk, is in complete control of the relationships he has. Tony Kytes is very serious looking and unsmiling young man. He had many scars from Smallpox on his face, which gave him a rugged yet handsome appearance. He was the womens favourite and he loved em in shoals. On the other hand, John Thomas is very good looking with an impudent smile which draws the ladies to him. In Tickets, Please John Thomas is portrayed as a confident dominant character who is always in charge of the relationship whereas Tony Kytes also controls the women who are eager to please him. They hide in the cart when told to do so. John Thomas does not want a serious relationship while Tony Kytes is ready for commitment. Unlike John Thomas who resented women who took an intelligent interest in him, Tony Kytes is not intentionally deceptive as he lies to them in order to save their feelings. In the opening paragraph of Tickets, Please, DH Lawrence prepares the reader for Annies character by describing the tramcars that are driven by men unfit for active service: cripples and hunchbacks. As a result of the war there was gender balance as men and women were companions in peril. The strong hussies were a contrast to the delicate young men. The semantic field of animals is used in describing the fearless young hussies that pounce on youths who try to evade their ticket-machine. Annie is peremptory and suspicious; she guards her Thermopylae with her heart of stone. In contrast, her vulnerability shown by her wild romance which beats in her sturdy bosom. She is something of a Tartar and has kept John Thomas at arms length with her sharp tongue for many months. Annie and John Thomas are companions in peril, brief equality brought about by the war. As the men were away at war, all the jobs that were previously done by men had to be done by women. This brought on a very good feeling between the girls and drivers. On the other hand, Milly Richards in Tony Kytes is a nice, light, tender, little thing. She epitomises the ideal, weak, submissive Victorian woman. Unity Sallet is a handsome girl who Tony had been very tender toward before he had been engaged to Milly. Unity like Annie is blunt and forward and flirts with Tony, she repeats his name in a tender chide to flatter him. Unity takes control of him by asking him by asking him if she is prettier than she? When Tony speaks to Milly, she repeats you, which emphasises that Tony had requested her presence; she suggests that she had been keeping a promise like any reliable person would do. Milly fits in with the Victorian view of women in that she is subservient. She expects men to make decisions and makes little complaint about Tonys flirtation with Unity and Hannah but her grief at Tonys deceit is shown when she lets out a long moan. It is significant that she is metaphorically compared to a mouse when she emits an angry, spiteful squeak. Milly unlike Annie is weak. She respects his name to make him feel big and important. She greets him with My dear Tony, which shows that she feels graced by his presence. Certainly dearest Tony, she emphasises agreeing to all his suggestions and comments. This shows that Milly is humbled to do whatever Tony wants her to do. For Annie, John Thomas represents power, danger and excitement, like the fairground rides, but like the rides, he is an artificial wartime substitute- showy on the outside but lacking substance. Lawrence warns the reader that their relationship is doomed as he has been involved in scandal. He is always walking ou t with new girls who quit the service frequently when he leaves them. The reader gets the impression that Annie will get the same treatment. Lawrence writes that there was a sad decline in brilliance and luxury; the coconut shies were artificial wartime substitutes which is a warning of the decline and artificial nature of the couples relationship. Nouns like Dragons and the adjective grim-toothed suggest the excitement and fascination John Thomas has for Annie. The electrical metaphor shows the power and force pulling them apart and like electricity, which is quick like their relationship. The dark, damp and drizzly fields show that their relationship is dark and dying which is emphasised by the alliteration. The repetition of after-all suggests that Annie is making excuses for being with John Thomas. She is attracted to him having held him at arms length in the past knowing his character. D H Lawrence repeats after-all to emphasise the fact that deep down Annie knows that she should not succumb to John Thomas and show her struggle with feeling. Her helplessness and vulnerability is highlighted as she makes justifications for her behaviour. In Millys relationship with Tony Kytes, neither is in control, others make their decisions for them. Tony Kytes father wants him to marry Milly, so he initially he decides against her, then Hannah and Unitys rejection pushes Tony Kytes into marriage with Milly. Milly is a traditional Victorian girl, which means that she is very loyal and will do whatever Tony wants her to because she reflects values of the Victorian era. At the end of the story, Tony loses control of the cart, which is a metaphor for him, losing control of the three women he was controlling earlier. Annie believes that she can control John Thomas as she prided herself that he could not leave her. The possessive female was aroused in Annie and she wanted to take an intelligent interest in him. John Thomas is in control and so he left her. The short sentence conveys the finality and brutality of the break-up. She is startled, staggered and uncertain and feels fury, indignation, desolation, misery and a spasm of despair, while John Thomas is like an animal, enjoying pastures new. She missed the warm glow she felt inside whenever she was near him. She exacts revenge because he steps on her car impudently, letting her see by the moment of his that the had gone away to somebody else. D H Lawrence uses the repetition of then to show the stages in Annies grief. It breaks down the paragraph like punctuation and it gives her emotions and reactions a monotonous feel. It gives you the impression that Annie has gone through various stages in her feelings almost like a tidal wave. Annie exacts her revenge on John Thomas by organising the other girls to attack John Thomas. Annies movement is metaphorically described as a cat. The girls are in control, but see their action as fun whereas John Thomas sees red and he butted through the girls and wrenched at the door. He is violent but also afraid. The girls brutality and savagery is conveyed as they act like animals, wild creatures. They rain blows in a wild frenzy and mad terror and strike him with wild blows. John Thomas is at the mercy of the captor and is like a defeated animal while the girls metaphorically gain control. The animal imagery vividly conveys the womens anger, pain and frustration. Lawrence writes outside was the darkness and lawlessness of wartime which is comparing the cosy interior of the waiting room to the lawlessness of the womens behaviour. It is an ironic metaphor to trick the reader into thinking it is pleasant in the room until the violence breaks out. In Tony Kytes, Hardy does not concentrate unlike Lawrence. John Thomas gives into pressure and chooses Annie but with malice. She refuses to have him but with bitter hopelessness as if she would have liked to have had him under different circumstances. But in the end nobody wants him. In Tony Kytes, Tony gives into pressure when they talk to him on the cart. Both Unity and Hannah flirt with him and put him under pressure to choose one of them instead of Milly. He persuades then to get under the tarpaulin by saying hell reconsider his decision to marry Milly, Ill put a loving question to you instead of Milly. The anger of the girls is directed at each other because they are jealous of Tonys interest in each other. Tony gives in to pressure from the girls but seems content to have Milly in the end, although she is not his original choice. Tickets, Please is written in the third person. It is objective and formal and it creates distance between the writer and the reader. It evokes the seriousness of the tale and sets a dark scene starting with a long descriptive opening paragraph. The reader feels as if something bad might happen to Annie after keeping John Thomas at arms length when she finally gives in to him. It contains a serious message about relationships and what men and women are capable of doing to each other. In Tony Kytes there is little description: it is told in the first person narrative, as a fictional character reminisces about events in the story. Its written in an informal style as much of the tale unfolds through dialogue. The characters are humorous and their actions are more like something you might read in a fairy tale. The introduction is conversational and informal which suggests the light-hearted nature of the story. The narrator does not place a lot of emphasis on the tale. He is slightly scornful of the women and their ridiculous behaviour. The landscape in Tickets, Please hints at different traits of the characters and is symbolic of Annie and John Thomas relationship. Tony Kytes is timid and meek, with his idyllic and romanticised notions. The title Tony Kytes, the Arch-Deceiver is ironic because hes not really an arch-deceiver. Hes just weak and pathetic which is shown in his indecisive behaviour. It mocks Tony because his deceit finally rebounds on him. The title Tickets, Please refers to the girls job on the tramcars, but also suggests that the story is about them. Both stories are written by men, which makes the women portrayed to be the mens ideal. It is significant that at the end of the stories the women want the men in spite of their treatment, which suggests that ultimately the men are the winners. In Tony Kytes, the girls seem frivolous, they dont seem like real people with emotions, unlike Tickets, Please, where the girls emotions seem real, like many women, Annie prided herself that he could not leave her. Words of the period have been used but the writers to make the stories feel more authentic. The dialect used is relative to both stories in the way it is written. Words such as twas, ee and baddish are used to give flavour of the period and reflect the West Country mode of speech. In Tickets, Please the words like hussies and lasses suggests the working class environment of the countryside. Lawrence gives the impression that women are on the same as footing as men. They are capable of deciding what they want and how they get it, even if in the end theyre dissatisfied at the outcome. Hardy gives the impression that women want to get married and that marriage is not about love, but about whom the man would like to marry. In conclusion, human nature is very powerful and the plots make the reader reflect on the human experience.

Designing and implementing questionnaires and interviews Essay

Designing and implementing questionnaires and interviews - Essay Example The following questionnaire is for teachers, parents and students (both members of the study group and the control group) designed by just encircling the number to indicate the degree of agreement or disagreement to the statements provided: 17.) With the emergence of unethical materials and illegal and prohibited information in the internet (e.g. pornography and other clandestine ways of conducting business using the web) do you think this will affect the students’ learning process? Information and data collection are one of the exciting parts of research, though they can be tiring. But this is not to say that they are difficult. When you put a lot of effort in it, data collection can be challenging. You have to earn the cooperation of your respondents; you’ve to build a close rapport with them. In the initial part of the information gathering, some doubts and negative thoughts entered my mind as to how the whole thing can be quite successful, to say the least. Gathering all the data together, doing all the things that seemed to be countless tasks, and executing what I had in mind, seemed impossible to do all at the same time. Then, a lot of ideas also entered my mind which seemed not to point to a particular direction. Aside from the preparations for the interviews and questionnaires, I had to do a lot of research from previous studies, and opinions of experts, teachers, and parents, not only on the contents of the questionnaires but on the actual conduct of the interviews. After you have tried the techniques of brainstorming, branching, or making up journalistic questions and flowcharts, you may also find it useful to try discovery writing. This step can be helpful, especially once you have formulated a thesis statement. (69) This is putting ideas into writing without first arranging or editing them. Just put them down into writing, and then later you’ll discover what and how they’ll come out. Langosch says this is known as â€Å"free

Preschooler observation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Preschooler observation - Essay Example Among his fellows he was looking aggressive and a bit ailing (Berger, p.210-212). The three were standing in a row while about four or five children were motivating them to start the race. One of them count up to three and the race begun. Jacob fell to the ground and lost the race, but his reaction was very unnatural. He started crying and called himself a loser who cannot win anything. I approached him and asked why he is crying? He replied quickly that I am a loser because I didnt win the race and I never wins, furthermore, that "all my mates think I am a loser in light of the fact that I always cry. They make fun of me for my crying." I attempted to console him and let him know I did not think he was a loser. He was just assuming himself a loser on the basis of his past experiences but have no logical understanding (Berger, p. 182). I told him that his friends were playing with colorful cards while he was trying to climb rings. This made him tired while his fellows were relaxed and full of energy. Some of his friends called him to play with them, but he refused and remained crying. I tried to convince him that his friends are still eager to play with him because for them he is their friend not a loser. He was hard to convince because at the time he was relating many other things to his failure, perhaps the behavior of his parents, siblings and caregivers (Berger, p. 216). His attitude made me think about his family and I assumed that he is from a family where his parents are too busy to spend time with him and his elder siblings may tease him and discourage him in doing things. Jacob’s social and emotional behavior was influenced by his fellows at the center. His fellows won the race and this made him cry and aggressive that why he didn’t win the race. His stressed reaction showed that he never got encouragement from others, hence he strongly believed that he cannot win as he has no traits of winners. At this age group, children are open to

Theory in Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Theory in - Research Paper Example In essence, the development of nursing theory relies on the amount and type of research that has been conducted in this field (Fitzpatrick & Wallace, 2006). In the nursing profession, there are many theories that help explain clinical occurrences, thus, helping nurses during practice. 2. Relationship between Nursing Theory and Research Hall’s theory of core, care, and cure is one of the theories that have contributed greatly towards successful nursing practice (Fitzpatrick & Wallace, 2006). Care is about the pro-active bodily care given to patients, which leads to good patient-nurse relationships. Core, on the other hand, involves the use of communication to get information from the patient about their health status. Finally, Fitzpatrick & Wallace (2006) state that the element of cure involves the administration of medicine and other forms of cure that are necessary for the patient’s wellbeing. In this theory, therefore, nursing is involved with attending to the person, through communication, taking care of the body through hands-on attention, and combating the disease through medical procedures involving drugs and other forms of treatment. ... Nursing theories are useful to practitioners in terms of providing descriptions, explanations, and predictions for clinical events. However, circumstances do not always allow people to exercise all these recommendations, causing diseases and injuries to occur. When this happens, nursing intervention is required to help the patient regain good health. In this theory, the nurse establishes a good relationship with the patient and helps them coordinate their daily activities so as to re-establish proper healthcare. Analyzing the contributions that the two theories make to nursing practice, it is evident that none of theories can provide the basis for research on its own. While Orem teaches about how nurses can facilitate self-care, Hall is more focused on how overall care should be provided by nursing professionals systematically. This goes to show that nursing should be based on a number of theories, in order to come up with comprehensive results. 3. Definition of Terms A case study is a methodological research conducted on particular entities, over a specific amount of time, with the aim of solving a problem and demonstrating a given hypothesis. Ethnography is a type of research conducted in order to investigate how human beings behave in their natural setting. It analyses such aspects as culture, behavior, and norms, which influence human behavior. As a research method, grounded theory deals with a study of how social interactions among people contribute to the formation of meaning to certain aspects of life. This theory aims at analyzing which particular processes within the society affect the majority, and what those processes are. Phenomenology is a study of

Emily Dickinson on the Addictive Process Essay -- Emily Dickinson Auth

Emily Dickinson on the Addictive Process Awareness of Emily Dickinson has grown and deepened over the course of the twentieth century such that the "delightful" andplatitude-laden verses, as they were initially viewed, have provento be rich, often ironic, highly complex explorations of one poet'ssubjectivity. Dickinson's poetry today challenges us to confrontaspects of our own inner processes in relation to psychologicalpain, death, the world and possible -- though not undoubted --transcendence of it, and frustrated desire, to name just a few ofthe themes. The emergence of discourse on addictions, both tosubstances and to modes of behavior, gives us a framework in whichwe can newly assess one of Dickinson's poems, and even though thepoet's particular life circumstances -- involving the influence ofPuritanism, which would also affect Dickinson's contemporariesHerman Melville and Nathaniel Hawthorne, the limitations placed onwomen in nineteenth-century America in general, and EmilyDickinson's own self-limiting reclusive exist ence -- differ fromour late-twentieth-century circumstances, nonetheless Dickinson'spoetry presents the overall shape of the subjective process underlying addiction in such an abstract form, that the work inquestion speaks to us directly over a century later. The circumstances alluded to above brought the poet into a situation in which she was caught between the desire to communicate her reflections on life -- she sent poems as both letters and aesthetic objects with illustrations of a collage character to friends -- and the distrust of worldly success and fame proceeding from the Puritanical tradition embodied in the writings of the eighteenth-century preacher Jonathan Edwards. Whereas a later --and ma... ...mith, Barbara Herrnstein. Poetic Closure: A Study of HowPoems End. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1968. Turner, Clara Newman. "My Personal Acquaintance with Emily Dickinson" in Sewall, Richard B., The Life of EmilyDickinson vol. 1. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux,1974. Van Wyck, William. "Emily Dickinson's Songs out of Sorrow." Personalist, 18, no.2 (Spring/April 1937), 183-89. Webster, Noah. A Dictionary of the English Language...inTwo Volumes. London: Black, Young, and Young, 1828. An American Dictionary of the EnglishLanguage...Revised and Enlarged by Chauncey Goodrich. Springfield: Merriam, 1855. Whicher, George Frisbie. "New England Poet" in Mornings at8:50. Northampton: The Hampshire Bookshop, 1950. This Was a Poet: A Critical Biography of EmilyDickinson. New York: Scribner's, 1938. Wolff, Cynthia Griffin. Emily Dickinson. New York:Knopf, 1986.

Constructivism Theory Essay

Constructivism is a communication theory that seeks to explain individual differences in the ability to communicate skillfully. Jesse Delia and his associates at the University of Illinois initially developed the theory of constructivism in the communication discipline during the 1970s (Delia, O’Keefe, & O’Keefe, 1982). Those who developed the constructivist approach to human communication were interested in understanding how people’s interpretations of the social world influenced their communicative behavior. Much of our early theorizing was influenced by scholars such as the Swiss psychologist, Jean Piaget (1896–1980), and the American philosopher, George Herbert Mead (1863–1931), both of whom believed that effective communication depended on the ability to â€Å"take† (or imaginatively construct) the perspective of others. Because we viewed communication as a skill—as a practical art for accomplishing social purposes—we were particularly interested in understanding how individual differences in the perception of people and social events were related to the use of more and less effective forms of communication. Constructivism is the ability of a person to communicate with other people in social situations that present proficient correspondence with others. Constructivists in general are more concerned with mental structures than mental processes. It is based on the ability to speak with other person, which also means that messages must be created. Constructivism builds on how individuals build meanings. It is how we make sense of the world, interaction and ourselves. It is a humanistic theory and deals with individuals processing impressions. It is concerned with the cognitive processes that precede the actual communication within a given situation. Measuring and observing these cognitive processes can be a difficult task. While I agree that people who are able to adapt their messages to particular situations and audiences are more successful than those who are not able, saying that those who are more cognitively complex are always more successful is probably misrepresenting the truth. It is also a theory which emphasizes different layers of cognition. It shares Ontological and Epistemological assumptions. Constructivism deals with the cognitive complexity of an individual. Those who are cognitively complex are understood to be capable of perceiving interpersonal messages better and forming more â€Å"elaborate impressions of others† (Waltman, 2002).

The Roles of Greek and Roman Women Essay - 1665 Words

Greek and Roman women lived in a world where strict gender roles were given; where each person was judged in terms of compliance with gender-specific standards of conduct. Generally, men were placed above women in terms of independence, control and overall freedom. Whereas men lived in the world at large, active in public life and free to come and go as they willed, womens lives were sheltered. Most women were assigned the role of a homemaker, where they were anticipated to be good wives and mothers, but not much of anything else. The roles of women are thoroughly discussed in readings such as The Aeneid, Iliad, Sappho poetry, and Semonides essay. Most women in ancient Rome were viewed as possessions of the men who they lived†¦show more content†¦A man could divorce his selected wife for any reason that he desired, though if the reason was other than adultery then the man was forced to give up one half of his property to his wife. Greek woman were possessions to society as well, they had limited freedom, but could not own any property because they were not considered citizens. The Greek and Roman societies were a very patriarchal society. This is reflected throughout the myths in classical mythology. By looking at the many pieces of literature involving Greeks and Romans we will see that the roles women portrayed are very different from women’s roles in today’s society. Although there are a few similarities to women’s roles in today’s society, their roles are more like those women in the past. We can see this by looking at the qualities of Greek and Roman female gods and looking at the roles women play in the myths. In the Aeneid the Roman poet Virgil presents many different people that play roles in the life of Aeneas. From gods and goddesses to mortal men and women, every personality has some precise part to play in Aeneas impersonal fate. Of the many different characters, several are women. In fact, after reading the Aeneid it becomes clear that women play a particularly large role in Aeneas life. From Juno to Venus, and Penelope to Lavinia, women seem to directly affect Aeneas destiny for good or for worse. However, one can also see thatShow MoreRelatedWomen s Influence On Women1545 Words   |  7 Pageshistory until about the last couple century’s women have had not as many rights compared to their male counter parts and this was especially evident in the ancient world. However women had more rights in places for example they had a bigger role in society compared to that of Greek women in ancient Greece. Women were cogs in a patriarchal dominated society woman were very much under t heir husbands control according to law and the most important role of women was to raise the children and work at theRead MoreWomen And Roman Religion And Its Impact On Society Essay1701 Words   |  7 PagesThe female role in Greek and Roman religion and its impact on society Throughout the ancient world, the aspects to which a successful society thrive under have been skewed, except for that of religion. Although a universal religion has never been adopted, most empires tend to follow a basic outline similar to one another. In relation to Greeks and Romans, this ideology still holds true. Religion between these two societies have had their differences, but for the most part they have kept the sameRead MoreGreek Women And Roman Women1102 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Goddesses, Whores, Wives, and Slaves: Women in Classical Antiquity† by Sarah B. Pomeroy The title of this book, â€Å"Goddesses, Whores, Wives, and Slaves† is written in order of the ranking of women. In classical antiquity, in some aspects, a whore had more freedom and rights than a married upper-class woman. This alone is evidence of the degree that women in classical antiquity were oppressed. Classical Greek Athenian women and Roman women had similarities in their life styles and expectations toRead MoreRole Of Women In Ancient Greece712 Words   |  3 PagesThe role of woman in ancient Greece: Greek Woman was considered to be submissive which means once you are married to a woman, then she is in your full control. The woman in ancient was not allowed to own the property, in one way we can also relate that the woman had fewer rights than the man because they could hardly express their feeling. The woman was not considered as the citizens. But in the Spartan society, the woman had a dignified position just because they were the mother of the famousRead MoreThe Greek And Roman Civilizations830 Words   |  4 Pages . The Greek and Roman Civilizations were quite similar in their Art, their Women’s Rights, and their Geographic location. The Greek believed their painted, sculpted and carved depictions of the people should be absolutely perfect. Especially the men. They found that the physical form was most pleasing to the eye and wanted to accentuate that beauty and deliver it through art. They sought out to present infinite elegance. Flawless statues and paintings showed men and women in their mostRead MoreRoman Achievements and Contributions1571 Words   |  7 PagesRoman Achievements Jigsaw Background: The period of great cultural achievements for the Roman Empire is referred to as the Pax Romana, or â€Å"Peace of Rome.† Beginning after the Republican Wars in 27 B.C., and lasting to about 180 A.D., this era was marked by general tranquility and unity across the empire. By this time, Rome had overtaken most of the Mediterranean world and had spread its culture. Family Religion The family was the basic unit of Roman society. Under Roman law, the male headRead MoreThe Greeks Were Deeply Religious People1434 Words   |  6 PagesThe Greeks were deeply religious people. They worshiped many Gods who they believed appeared in human like form and yet had superhuman strength including ageless beauty. The â€Å"Iliad† and the â€Å"Odyssey,† were cultures earliest surviving examples of Greek literature that told stories of men encountering with a variety of Gods and goddesses. Roman Religion was more practical and less poetical than the Greek religion was however; they both had similar roles and duties. â€Å"The Greek religion was more of someRead MoreDepiction of Etruscan and Roman Women in History1563 Words   |  7 Pageslot of contact with the Greeks that reflect in much of the Etruscan works of art. The distinction in Etruscan art and Greek art is clearly seen through the Etruscan representation of couples in art. The pieces in this collect ion will attempt to show how women in Etruscan society enjoyed a liberal lifestyle in contrast to Greek and Roman counterparts. Etruscan women were adorned with lavish jewels, had a public life and accompanied their husbands at banquets. Etruscan women were affectionate mothersRead MoreThe Greek And Roman Religion1315 Words   |  6 Pages The Greek and Roman religions were the two major religions that were established in the ancient world. Greek religion was the first to be recognized and instituted, followed by the Roman religion. Many people believed that the Romans mimicked the Greek religion; however this was a common misconception, even though they appeared to be the same there are many distinctions between the Romans and the Greeks. Even the similarities between the two religions had slight distinctions, like their gods, theyRead MoreThe Value of Physical Education to the Ancient Greeks and Romans1574 Words   |  7 PagesThe Value of Physical Education to the Ancient Gree ks and Romans Throughout history, society has placed a different value on physical education and sport. The purpose of physical education has changed over different time periods and as a result of ever-changing socio-cultural events. Some civilizations use the practice of physical education to prepare for war, some for profit, and some for a general all-around development. Three ancient cultures are of particular importance to development of